昼夜节律(circadian rhythm)是一种大约以24小时为周期自然循环的生物过程,包括血压、心率和体温等在内的多种生理功能均呈现明显的昼夜节律。血压正常的昼夜节律呈现“两峰一谷”的杓型变化,且受到光线、运动、摄食等多种外源性因素及自主神经系统、应激相关激素、时钟基因等多种内源性因素的共同调节。近年来,夜间光暴露、轮班、时差等生活因素引起机体出现昼夜节律紊乱的现象逐渐增加,血压的正常昼夜节律也经常受到影响而发生昼夜节律紊乱。大量研究表明,运动可以预防高血压、心力衰竭等心血管疾病,是改善心血管疾病患者血压昼夜节律紊乱重要的非药物预防手段。因此,本文将以影响血压昼夜节律的因素为出发点,旨在阐明运动参与血压昼夜节律调节的可能机制,并为运动改善血压昼夜节律紊乱提供理论依据。

Circadian rhythm is a biological process that operates on an approximately 24-hour cycle, encompassing various physiological functions including blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature. The normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure typically exhibits a characteristic “two-peak and one-valley” pattern, which is regulated by a combination of exogenous factors, including light exposure, exercise, and diet, as well as endogenous factors such as the autonomic nervous system, stress hormones, and clock genes. In recent years, lifestyle factors such as nocturnal light exposure, shift work, and jet lag have increasingly led to circadian rhythm disruption. The normal circadian rhythm of blood pressure is also often affected, contributing to circadian rhythm disorders of blood pressure. Numerous studies indicate that exercise can prevent cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and heart failure, serving as an important non-pharmacological strategy to mitigate the disruptions in the circadian rhythm of blood pressure. Therefore, this review will take the factors influencing the circadian rhythm of blood pressure as a starting point, aiming to clarify the possible mechanisms through which exercise participates in regulating the blood pressure circadian rhythm, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the circadian rhythm disorders of blood pressure through exercise.