自噬(autophagy)是一种细胞内降解大分子物质及细胞器以维持机体平衡的动态保护机制。大多数真核细胞依赖于自噬反应调节内环境稳态,在某些应激状态(如缺血缺氧等)下,自噬发挥保护效应来应对机体损伤。但自噬的选择性过度激活则可导致细胞发生程序性死亡,这是一种不同于凋亡和坏死的独特细胞死亡形式,称为autosis。本文综述了autosis与其他细胞死亡方式的区别、autosis的形态学特征、诱发条件及研究进展等,以期为进一步研究autosis提供理论基础,为后续相关研究及未来临床疾病治疗提供科学参考。

Autophagy is a dynamic protective mechanism that degrades macromolecules and organelles within cells to maintain organismal balance. Most eukaryotic cells rely on autophagy to regulate intracellular homeostasis. Under certain stress conditions, such as ischemia and hypoxia, autophagy exerts protective effects to counteract cellular damage. However, selective overactivation of autophagy can lead to a unique form of programmed cell death, distinct from apoptosis and necrosis, termed autosis. This review summarizes the distinctions between autosis and other cell death modalities, the morphological characteristics of autosis, the conditions that induce autosis, and current research progress on autosis, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for further research on autosis and to offer a scientific reference for subsequent studies and future clinical disease treatment.