心律失常(cardiac arrhythmias)是世界范围内发病率和死亡率较高的心血管疾病之一,与心脏中离子通道功能破坏以及电信号在心肌细胞的传导异常有关。心肌钠通道NaV1.5(cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5)参与心肌细胞动作电位的启动和兴奋的传导,基因突变所致的NaV1.5通道表达和调控异常是心律失常发生的重要生物学基础。本文综合国内外关于NaV1.5通道结构和功能的介绍及通道异常表达时心律失常的研究现状,为心血管药物的研发和临床应用以及药物心脏毒性等的研究提供重要的理论依据。

Cardiac arrhythmias are among cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, associated with impaired cardiac ion channel function and abnormal conduction of electrophysiological signals in cardiomyocytes. The cardiac sodium channel NaV1.5 plays a crucial role in the initiation and propagation of action potentials in cardiomyocytes. Abnormal expression and regulation of NaV1.5 due to gene mutations constitute a significant biological basis for the occurrence of arrhythmias. This article summarizes the structure and function of NaV1.5, as well as its relationship with cardiac arrhythmias, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for future research and development of cardiovascular drugs, their clinical applications, and drug-induced cardiotoxicity.