从十多年前发现自组装脑类器官(brain organoids)构建方案以来,这一领域取得了显著进展。这些脑类器官的细胞类型和结构与发育中的人类大脑极为相似,使其成为获得性和遗传性脑疾病的致病机制及病因学的理想模型。此外,区域特异性脑类器官的开发,为药物发现和毒性测试提供了针对性的平台。作为研究工具,脑类器官为揭示人类神经系统疾病的分子机制提供了新的视角。本文综述了构建脑类器官的技术以及这些技术在模拟神经疾病方面的应用研究,旨在为该领域的应用研究提供有价值的参考和启示。

Over the past decade, since the initial elucidation of self-assembling brain organoid construction protocols, significant progress has been made in this field. These brain organoids exhibit cell types and structures highly similar to those of the developing human brain, making them ideal models for studying the pathogenesis and etiology of both acquired and inherited brain diseases. In addition, the development of region-specific brain organoids has provided targeted platforms for drug discovery and toxicity testing. As a research tool, brain organoids offer new perspectives for unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying human neurological diseases. In this article, we review the techniques for constructing brain organoids, and their applications in modeling neurological diseases, to provide valuable insights and references for applied research in this field.