表观遗传调控在神经系统发育及稳态维持中发挥至关重要的作用。蛋白质精氨酸甲基化是一种在真核细胞中普遍存在的蛋白质翻译后修饰,通过调控组蛋白或非组蛋白的甲基化,来影响细胞中的基因转录调控或RNA 剪接等生理事件。本文旨在概述精氨酸甲基转移酶5(protein arginine methyltransferase 5, PRMT5)功能的调控方式,以及其在神经发育环节及神经相关疾病中的多种作用,以探究神经系统中的表观调控机制。

Epigenetic regulation plays critical roles in the development and homeostasis of the nervous system. Protein arginine methylation is a post-translational modification commonly found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, which regulates a variety of physiological events, such as gene transcription regulation or RNA splicing, via mediating the methylation of histone or nonhistone targets. This review aims to recapitulate the regulatory mechanism underlying protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) function, and summarize the crucial roles of PRMT5 in neural development and neurological diseases, highlighting its epigenetic regulatory mechanism in the nervous system.