迄今为止,人们已知的RNA 修饰(RNA modifications)已达170余种,RNA 修饰作为一种可逆且动态的过程,参与了mRNA 的转录后调控以及染色质调控和转录调控。N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰的存在最为广泛,也是目前被了解最全面和深入的RNA 修饰类型,已有越来越多的研究揭示了m6A 修饰在各类疾病的发生、发展以及治疗中的相关作用,而其余RNA 修饰的作用也被陆续揭示。以往对RNA 修饰在疾病中的研究和讨论主要集中于癌症方面,而近期随着研究的深入,RNA 修饰已被证实参与了神经系统相关疾病的调控。本文旨在概述RNA 修饰在神经和精神疾病中的作用及其机制研究进展,为相关药物开发和临床治疗提供新思路。

To date, over 170 types of RNA modifications have been identified. As reversible and dynamic processes, RNA modifications participate in post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA, as well as chromatin and transcriptional regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, the most prevalent one, is currently the most extensively studied and understood type of RNA modification, with an increasing body of research revealing its relevance to the occurrence, development, and treatment of various diseases. The roles of other RNA modifications are also being progressively elucidated. Previous studies and discussions on RNA modifications in diseases have mainly focused on cancer; however, recent studies have confirmed the participation of RNA modifications in the regulation of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This review aims to summarize the roles and mechanisms of RNA modifications in neurological and psychiatric disorders, providing new insights for drug development and clinical treatment.