癌症是目前全球人类重要死因之一,其传统的临床治疗方法包括手术、放疗和化疗等。然而,癌症的传统治疗手段有明显的局限性,因此临床上亟需发展有效安全的治疗或辅助治疗手段。高脂低糖的生酮饮食(ketogenic diet)能够利用肿瘤代谢重编程特性,限制肿瘤细胞的能量来源。本文概述了生酮饮食在肿瘤治疗方面的可行性、单独应用的抗肿瘤疗效、作为辅助手段联合应用的抗肿瘤疗效及其可能机制,为生酮饮食在肿瘤的临床治疗提供理论基础。

Cancer, one of the leading causes of human death worldwide, is conventionally treated through approaches including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, conventional therapeutic approaches for cancer exhibit distinct limitations, necessitating an urgent need for effective and safe therapeutic or adjuvant strategies in clinical practice. The ketogenic diet (KD), as a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, can utilize the tumor’s distinct characteristics of metabolic reprogramming to restrict the energy source of tumor cells. In this article, we review the feasibility of KD in tumor treatment, its anti-tumor efficacy when applied either independently or as an adjuvant therapy, and the underlying mechanisms, providing a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of KD in cancer treatment.