随着社会老龄化程度加深,与增龄密切相关的认知功能障碍(cognitive dysfunction)引起广泛关注。有氧运动作为一种促进人体健康的有效手段,已被证实可改善认知功能、延缓神经退行性病变发生发展。本文对有氧运动在减轻神经炎症反应、增强神经可塑性以及减轻阿尔茨海默病主要病理特征Aβ沉积方面的最新研究进行总结,对运动改善认知功能的分子机制进行分析,以期为运动干预在认知功能障碍防治中的广泛应用提供理论依据。

With the deepening of social aging, age-related cognitive dysfunction has attracted widespread attention. Aerobic exercise, as an effective means of promoting human health, has been confirmed to improve cognitive function, as well as delay the occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the latest research on the effects of aerobic exercise on alleviating neuroinflammation, enhancing neuroplasticity, and reducing Aβ deposits, a major pathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease, and analyzes the molecular mechanisms underlying exercise-induced improvements in cognitive function, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for the application of exercise interventions in the prevention and treatment of age-related cognitive dysfunction.