程序性死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death 1, PD-1)及其配体PD-L1(programmed death 1 ligand 1)是重要的免疫检查点,二者相互作用可负性调节效应T 细胞活化与增殖,也是肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视的重要途径。阻断PD-1与PD-L1的结合,可以解除肿瘤细胞或抗原提呈细胞对T细胞的抑制,恢复其对肿瘤细胞的识别和杀伤能力。然而,PD-L1的表达受到复杂的调控且在不同的肿瘤中呈现出差异,其主要发生在遗传、转录和转录后水平。本综述介绍PD-L1表达的调控过程及其在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用,结合这些调控机制实现对不同特征肿瘤进行精准免疫治疗是下一步研究的重点,在肿瘤治疗中具有重要意义。

Programmed death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, are critical immune checkpoints in tumors whose interaction negatively regulates the activation and proliferation of effector T cells, playing a crucial role in tumor cells evading immune surveillance. Blocking the binding of PD-1 to PD-L1 can relieve the inhibition of T cells by tumor cells or antigen-presenting cells, restoring their recognition and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. However, the expression of PD-L1 is intricately regulated and varies among different types of tumors, primarily occurring at genetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. In this article, we review the regulatory processes involved in PD-L1 expression and its roles in tumor immunotherapy, which are of great significance in oncotherapy, as the focus of future research lies in achieving precise immunotherapy targeting tumors with distinct characteristics, guided by the regulatory mechanisms.