甲状腺功能减退症(hypothyroidism)是甲状腺激素缺乏症的常见表现,通常激素替代可以对其进行有效纠正,但若不干预,严重者可致命。甲状腺激素对人体的生长、发育以及多种器官的功能都起着至关重要的作用。甲状腺功能减退症的临床表现因年龄、性别等因素有所差异,其实验动物模型广泛应用于病理生理机制研究以及药物防治效果评估中。目前可建立有效甲状腺功能减退模型的方法包括手术、饮食、药物、遗传、放射及免疫学等。每种模型基于不同的原理各具优缺点,研究者可根据实验目的选择使用。本文就近年甲减动物模型的研究作一综述,探讨每种甲状腺功能减退症的动物模型造模方法及其优缺点,以便在实验中选择最优模型。

Hypothyroidism is a common condition resulting from a deficiency in the thyroid hormone. While it can typically be effectively corrected with hormone replacement therapy, it may become fatal if left untreated. The thyroid hormone plays a crucial role in human growth, development, and functions of multiple organs. Clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism vary according to factors such as age and sex. Experimental animal models of hypothyroidism are widely used in preclinical studies of the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypothyroidism, as well as in the evaluation of treatment and prevention effects. Currently, effective models of hypothyroidism include surgical, dietary, pharmacological, genetic, radiological, and immunological methods. Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages based on different principles and can be selected according to the experimental purpose. In this article, we review recent studies on the animal models of hypothyroidism, discussing the modeling methods, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each model, with the aim of selecting the optimal model for experiments.