外泌体(exosomes, EXs)是细胞间信号传递的重要囊泡,在维持机体稳态中发挥重要作用。外泌体微小核糖核酸(microRNAs,miRNAs)是EXs保护心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)的关键元件之一。MI是威胁人类健康的主要杀手,具有高发病率、高致残率和高死亡率特点。缺血-再灌注是MI的主要治疗手段,心肌缺血(myocardial ischemia)环境进一步改变外泌体内容物,而运动可刺激外泌体的分泌,促进其内容物发挥生物学效应,发挥心脏保护效应,改善MI的病理进 程。本文通过梳理外泌体miRNAs在MI中的作用,提出运动改善心脏功能的可能机制,这将为运动防控冠心病的实验研究及临床治疗提供新思路和新靶点。

Exosomes (EXs) are important vesicles for intercellular signaling and play an important role in organismal homeostasis. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the key components of EXs to protect against myocardial infarction (MI), which is one of the major killers threatening human health, characterized by high morbidity, high disability and high mortality. Ischemia/reperfusion is the main treatment for MI. The myocardial ischemic condition caused by MI changes the components of exosomes, in the meanwhile, exercise stimulates the secretion of exosomes, exerts their biological and cardioprotective effects, inhibits the pathological progression of MI. In this review, by summarizing the role of exosomal miRNAs in MI, we propose the possible mechanism by which exercise improves cardiac function in MI, aiming to provide new ideas and targets for experimental research and clinical treatment involving exercise intervention in control of coronary heart disease.