肥胖是近年主要的流行病之一,是危害健康的全球公共卫生问题。肥胖是一种慢性低度全身性炎症,伴随着一些炎性细胞的浸润和改变,并存在脂肪细胞因子分泌紊乱。瘦素是由白色脂肪细胞分泌的一种蛋白类激素,也是促炎细胞因子,在调控体内能量与代谢等方面发挥重要作用。运动干预会使肥胖机体体内促炎因子(瘦素、TNF-α、IL-6)水平含量降低,抗炎因子(脂联素)水平含量升高。运动能够延缓肥胖机体体内炎症反应的发生。本文以体内瘦素的生理功能及作用机制为中心,系统综述了运动对肥胖性慢性炎症的调节,主要包括脂肪细胞因子瘦素、脂联素、IL-6、TNF-α,以此探讨运动干预减重降脂和减轻慢性炎症反应的机制,为防治慢性代谢性疾病提供新视角。

Obesity is currently one of the major epidemics and a public health problem that endangers human health worldwide in recent years. Obesity is a state of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation accompanied by infiltration and alteration of some inflammatory cells, as well as disorders of adipocytokines. Leptin is a protein-like hormone secreted by white fat cells and a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and metabolism. Exercise interventions decrease levels of pro-inflammatory factors (leptin, TNF-α, IL-6) and increase levels of anti-inflammatory factors (adiponectin) in obese individuals, suggesting that exercise can delay the occurrence of inflammatory responses. We systematically reviewed the role of exercise interventions in the regulation of obesity-related chronic inflammation, mainly including their effects on specific adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin), IL-6 and TNF-α, focusing on the physiological functions of leptin and the underlying mechanism. The aim of the present review was to investigate the mechanism by which exercise interventions result in weight loss, lipid-lowering and the reduction of chronic inflammation, providing a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of chronic metabolic diseases.