类器官在结构和功能上更接近真实器官,已经成为一种应用较为广泛的补充模型。但由于缺乏血液灌注,现有的类器官模型依然存在生长发育受限、内部坏死严重、结构功能不完善等问题。作为不少器官的重要组成成分,血管不仅能解决类器官的物质运输问题,还能提供血流灌注的机械力影响。此外,血管内皮能分泌多种因子,调节类器官的发育成熟。因此,血管化类器官具有更重要的应用意义。本文综述了构建血管化类器官的细胞来源,介绍了如何通过干细胞诱导共分化、多种细胞共培养自组装、以及直接使用微血管片段、利用移植后体内再血管化、运用组织工程手段等方法获得血管化类器官。

Organoids with structural and functional similarity to their real counterparts have become a widely used supplementary model. However, due to the insufficient blood perfusion, the existing organoids still have problems such as limited growth and development, serious internal necrosis, and incomplete structure and function. As an important component of many organs, blood vessels can not only solve the problem of material transport, but also provide the mechanical forces of blood perfusion. In addition, vascular endothelium can secrete various factors to regulate the development and maturation of organoids. Therefore, vascularized organoids possess broader development and application prospects.This article reviews the cell sources for constructing vascularized organoids and introduces existing methods by which vascularized organoids might be obtained,such as the co-differentiation of stem cells,co-culture and self-assembly of multiple cells, the direct use of microvascular fragments, in vivo revascularization after transplantation and tissue engineering techniques.