阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer' s disease, AD)是以认知衰退和行为障碍为特征的神经退行性疾病,多发于老年人。近年来,AD 发病率和死亡率上升且趋年轻化。AD 病因包括:淀粉样蛋白沉积、tau蛋白聚集、载脂蛋白异常、血管病变、重金属紊乱、氧化应激及遗传因素等。淀粉样蛋白斑块聚集和神经纤维缠结是AD主要病理标志。β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid β, Aβ)病理性累积被认为是AD发病主因之一。目前,AD仍缺乏有效疗法。本文综述AD 发病机制和治疗策略相关进展,以 期为AD研究与诊疗提供参考信息。

Alzheimer' s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline and behavioral impairment, occurs mostly in the aging population. In recent years, the morbidity and mortality rates of AD have been increasing, and the disease onset tends to occur at a younger age. The etiology of AD is multifactorial and complex, involving aberrant deposition of amyloid β (Aβ), tau accumulation, apolipoprotein abnormalities, cerebrovascular dysfunction, metal dysregulation, oxidative stress and genetic factors. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the main pathological hallmarks of AD. Aβ, the main constituent of amyloid plaques, is generally recognized as the initiating cause of AD. Currently, there are still no effective treatments for AD. Herein, this review summarizes and highlights the advances in AD pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies, in the hope of providing new insight into AD study and treatment.